Concept of Homeostasis

Concept of HomeostasisExplain the Concept of Homeostasis (P5)The main(prenominal) conception of homeostasis is to maintain a constant environment inside the clay. It does this by unconditional certain systems throughout the dust, keeping it at the normal environment. Although external influences arsehole have a negative impact on this environment, homeostasis will accordingly make the personate react to these influences by correcting it stick out to the norm take this is know as negative feed bear out. Negative feedback is how homeostasis keeps these systems throughout our consistence in balance. The process of negative feedback is when receptors in the remains detects when something is off balance or wrong, this past triggers the receptors to send a message to the effectors in the body. Effectors then make a reaction in the body to restore the balance back to the normal environment. Although the receptors will keep sending these signals to the effectors until the balan ce is completely restored back to normal. Thats why it is called negative feedback as its something negative hazard to the body.Homeostasis constantly maintains the environment of four main systems throughout the body, these systems argon mall RateBreathing RateBody Temperature phone line Sugar Levels join RateThe circulatory system is made up of root vessels, much(prenominal) as arteries and arterioles these vessels takes type Oated breed from the heart to the thin-walled capillaries which is where exchange of group O and nutrients takes place and vessels known as venues and veins return the now deoxygenated blood back to the heart, this is an ongoing cycle. food molecules then leave the capillaries to be taken up by the cells, and gasconade molecules argon transferred off by the cells and then are received by the capillaries to be taken a counselling. Capillaries thrive in all parts of the body blood is composed into two parts formed elements and plasma. All of the produced elements gift to homeostasis Oxygen is consumed throughout cellular respiration, this is a process that provides energy for metabolous activities. The body fights infection to keep the body unharmed and prevents it from giving way to diseases caused by viruses and bacteria. Plasma, in like manner, donates to homeostasis. The nutrients required and the wastes given off by cells are carried in plasma. Nutrients then leave the plasma through the capillaries and wastes enter the plasma at the capillaries.Breathing RateWhen the body breathes in air, oxygen is inhaled into the alveoli of the lungs this is where the exchange of oxygen and speed of light dioxide takes place. Blood inside the pneumonic artery is oxygen-poor and holds a high intentness of carbon dioxide. As blood passes through the capillaries close to the alveoli, oxygen is diffused into the blood and carbon dioxide then diffuses out of blood into the alveoli. thusly later on, carbon dioxide is exhaled by moving fro m the alveoli to the nose. As the blood within the pulmonary vein is oxygen-rich and holds a lower concentration of carbon dioxide, it is clear that carbon dioxide has been exported for oxygen as blood passes through the lungs. The respiratory totality, found in the medulla which repeatedly releases nerve impulses to the full point and the musclemans of the roast cage. In its relaxed state, the diaphragm is dome-shaped, but upon stimulation, it contracts and lowers. Also the rib cage moves upward and outward, therefore the pectoral cavity increases in size and air pressure within the expand lungs lowers and is instantly rebalanced by air rushing in through the nose. When the respiratory centre stops sending out stimulatory nerve impulses, the diaphragm and rib cage return to their original positions and exhalation occurs. There are chemoreceptors next to the respiratory centre in the medulla oblongata that are readily responsive to the carbon dioxide content of the blood, and chemoreceptors in aorta and carotid arteries that are responsive to both the carbon dioxide content and the pH of the blood. When the carbon dioxide concentration rises or when the pH lowers the respiratory centre is stimulated and the breathing set out increases.Body TemperatureThe body is able to maintain a normal body temperature of 37 C even if the external temperature ranges between 16 C and 54 C. The metabolic activity of cells is the heating system of the body because cellular reactions give off heat as a side-effect. When the body is resting, body heat is produced mainly by the heart, liver, sense, and endocrine glands but when the muscles are active agent they produce many times the heat produced by these organs. Therefore, increased muscle activity, such(prenominal) as by rubbing hands or stamping feet are used as a short-term measure to raise body temperature. On a long-term cause, the hormone thyroxin is produced by the thyroidal gland stimulates cells to a higher m etabolic rate. An expecting is that the persons living in a cold climate will have a higher metabolic rate than those who live in a reasonable climate. The regulatory centre for body temperature, found in the hypothalamus, is responsive to temperature changes within the arterial where blood is flowing. Depending on the body temperature, the regulatory centre produces the adaptive responses, and body temperature then increases or decreases. The body cools when blood vessels near the skin are dilated and the warm blood passing through them this loses heat to the atmosphere by radiation. perspiration also cools the body because as it evaporates, the body loses heat. If body temperature falls in like manner low, the body will begin to shivering. Shivering requires nerve impulses to be displace to the skeletal muscles. In cold temperatures, people wear clothing which traps an insulating socio-economic class of warm air next to the body to recompense for a overleap of body hair. In warm temperatures, clothing is worn to protect the body against the burning rays of the sun, but such clothing should be loose so that heat may still be lost by radiation.Blood Sugar LevelsGlucose is an important substance in the body as it is the main source of energy for all natural functions and is in fact the sole(prenominal) form of energy which substructure be used by the brain and central nervous system. The level of blood glucose in the body is important, as if blood glucose levels drop or rise dramatically there may be serious consequences such as hypo- or hyperglycaemia which can both cause death. Therefore it is necessary for blood glucose levels to be modulate and this is achieved through homeostasis. To work effectively homeostasis has an effective receptor that detects this. If the levels are too high the receptors would send a signal to the pancreas to control the concentration of the glucose in the blood. The pancreas would then produce a hormone called insulin, which causes the glucose to be transport from the blood into the cells. This lowers the concentration of glucose in the blood if it becomes too high. This process usually happens after we eat a meal that is rich in carbohydrate such as, sweets, rice, pasta, bread or potatoes.BibliographyGCSE Bitesize (2011) Homeostasis Online Available on http//www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/add_aqa_pre_2011/homeo/homeostasis1.shtml Accessed on 23/03/15Biology Innovation.co.uk (2011) Homeostasis Online Available onhttp//www.biology-innovation.co.uk/pages/human-biology/homeostasis/ Accessed on 23/03/15